Cruise Missile
R-360 Neptune
The R-360 Neptune is a subsonic anti-ship cruise missile made by the Luch Design Bureau in Ukraine, adopted by the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021. It has a 280 km range, and Ukraine says it sank the cruiser Moskva in April 2022.
Ukraine|Luch Design BureauWhat Is the R-360 Neptune? Overview, History and Development
Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv developed the Neptune from the Soviet Kh-35 lineage after 2014, with public tests from 2016 to 2018. The Ukrainian Navy adopted it in March 2021. It uses an active radar seeker with inertial and GPS guidance, flies at about Mach 0.8 at 10–15 m above the sea and carries a warhead of about 150 kg. Launch weight is about 870 kg with booster and length is 5.05 m. A coastal complex has truck launchers with six missiles each and a command vehicle.
On 13 April 2022 the Russian cruiser Moskva sank; Ukraine says two Neptunes hit it, while Russia blamed a fire and exploding ammunition, and US officials broadly backed Ukraine’s claim. A land-attack version, Long Neptune, reportedly reaches about 1,000 km and has been used since 2023, with claims of strikes inside Russia partly unverified. Ukraine is the only operator. Estimated cost is about 1 million dollars, and no export has been confirmed.
R-360 Neptune Specifications: Range, Speed, Warhead and Guidance
R-360 Neptune Variants and Versions Compared
The base anti-ship missile with a range of 280 km and a 150 kg warhead.
The truck-based coastal missile complex designation of the system, with a command vehicle and launchers.
A longer-range land-attack version reportedly flying about 1,000 km, used since 2023.
Which Countries Use the R-360 Neptune? Operators and Users
UkraineR-360 Neptune FAQ: Price, Range, Operators and Most Asked Questions
How much does the Neptune missile cost?
The R-360 Neptune costs an estimated 1 million US dollars per missile, according to Ukrainian press estimates. Ukraine has not published official prices.
What is the range of the Neptune missile?
The R-360 Neptune has a range of 280 km in its base version. The land-attack Long Neptune reportedly reaches about 1,000 km, according to Ukrainian claims.
Did the Neptune sink the Moskva?
The R-360 Neptune is credited by Ukraine with sinking the Russian cruiser Moskva on 13 April 2022 with two hits. Russia says a fire and exploding ammunition caused the loss, and the claim is disputed, though US officials broadly supported Ukraine.
Neptune vs Harpoon: which is better?
The R-360 Neptune and the Harpoon are similar subsonic sea-skimmers: Neptune has a 280 km range and a 150 kg warhead, while Harpoon carries 221 kg and up to 280 km in the ER version. Neptune descends from the Kh-35, not Harpoon.
Is the Neptune the same as the Flamingo?
The R-360 Neptune is not the same missile as the FP-5 Flamingo. Flamingo is a separate, larger Ukrainian cruise missile developed by Fire Point, while Neptune comes from the Luch Design Bureau.
Is the Neptune missile Turkish-made?
The R-360 Neptune is not Turkish-made and does not use Turkish parts. Türkiye and Ukraine cooperate on engines and Baykar drones, but Neptune is Ukrainian.